Glossary
The terms on Canadian financial statements, condominium documents and accountants’ reports, in plain language.

- Accrual basis
- Recording revenue when earned and expenses when incurred, whether or not cash has moved. Canadian GAAP statements use it.
- Amortization
- Spreading the cost of a long-lived asset over its useful life. The Canadian term for what is often called depreciation elsewhere.
- ASPE
- Accounting Standards for Private Enterprises, Part II of the CPA Canada Handbook – Accounting. The framework most Canadian private companies use. More →
- Audit
- An engagement under Canadian Auditing Standards in which the auditor obtains reasonable assurance and gives an opinion on whether the statements are presented fairly. More →
- Balance sheet
- The statement of financial position: assets, liabilities and equity on a single date. More →
- Basis of accounting
- The rules the statements were prepared under, such as ASPE, IFRS, cash or tax basis. Compiled statements must describe it in a note.
- Cash flow statement
- The statement explaining the change in cash through operating, investing and financing activities. More →
- Compilation engagement
- An engagement under CSRS 4200 in which an accountant helps assemble financial information and gives no assurance. Replaced the Notice to Reader. More →
- Contingency
- A possible obligation that depends on a future event, such as the outcome of a lawsuit. Disclosed in the notes.
- Contributions (condo)
- The amounts owners pay the condominium corporation, commonly called condo fees.
- Covenant
- A promise in a loan agreement, such as keeping a ratio above a stated level. A breach can let the lender demand repayment. More →
- Current ratio
- Current assets divided by current liabilities. More →
- Deferred contributions
- Money received for a specific purpose and not yet used, such as an unspent special levy. Shown as a liability.
- Depreciating property
- In Alberta condominium law, the property a reserve fund study inventories for repair and replacement. More →
- Estoppel certificate
- A certificate from an Alberta condominium corporation stating a unit’s contribution, its frequency, arrears and interest. Conclusive proof of those amounts as of its date (Act s. 43.2). More →
- GAAP
- Generally accepted accounting principles. In Canada, the frameworks in the CPA Canada Handbook.
- GIFI
- The General Index of Financial Information: the CRA’s coded format for financial statement information filed with a T2 return.
- Going concern
- The assumption that an organisation will keep operating. Doubt about it must be disclosed and is a serious warning.
- IFRS
- International Financial Reporting Standards, Part I of the CPA Canada Handbook. Required for publicly accountable enterprises. More →
- Income statement
- The statement of operations: revenue and expenses over a period, ending in net income. More →
- Information statement
- A statement an Alberta condominium corporation provides on request, covering lawsuits, judgments, the reserve fund balance, known structural deficiencies, loans and unit factors (Regulation s. 20.52). More →
- Notice to Reader
- The former no-assurance report under Section 9200. Replaced by the compilation engagement report for periods ending on or after December 14, 2021. More →
- Operating fund
- In condominium statements, the fund for recurring costs such as insurance, utilities and management. More →
- Reserve fund
- In Alberta, the capital replacement reserve fund a condominium corporation must keep for major repairs and replacements (Act s. 38). More →
- Reserve fund plan
- The board’s approved plan for funding the reserve, based on the reserve fund report (Regulation s. 23(4)). More →
- Reserve fund report
- The written report a reserve fund study provider gives the board after the study (Regulation s. 23(3)). More →
- Reserve fund study
- A qualified provider’s study of depreciating property, its condition, its repair and replacement costs and the funding required, over at least 30 years (Regulation s. 23). More →
- Retained earnings
- All profit kept in a business since it began, less dividends. Not the same as cash.
- Review engagement
- An engagement under CSRE 2400 giving limited assurance, mainly through inquiry and analytical procedures. More →
- Special levy
- An amount a condominium corporation charges owners beyond regular contributions, usually for a specific project.
- Special resolution
- A resolution needing a higher threshold than a simple majority. Its meaning differs by statute: under Alberta’s Business Corporations Act it is at least two-thirds of the votes cast, or signed by all shareholders entitled to vote.
- Subsequent event
- Something significant that happened after year-end but before the statements were approved, disclosed in the notes.